平(ping)(ping)地(di)鏟(chan)(chan)(chan)由平(ping)(ping)直的(de)鏟(chan)(chan)(chan)刀和(he)(he)圓弧(hu)形的(de)鏟(chan)(chan)(chan)壁構(gou)成。為(wei)適應不(bu)(bu)同(tong)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型和(he)(he)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)地(di)形條件(jian)的(de)要求，切土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)角(jiao)(jiao)(鏟(chan)(chan)(chan)刀面(mian)(mian)與地(di)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)的(de)夾角(jiao)(jiao))、水平(ping)(ping)回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)角(jiao)(jiao)、垂直回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)角(jiao)(jiao)均可通(tong)過液(ye)壓裝置調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)。其(qi)(qi)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)范圍(wei):切土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)角(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)30°~65°;水平(ping)(ping)回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)角(jiao)(jiao)可按順(shun)時針(zhen),逆時針(zhen)方向各回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)40°~60°;重直回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)角(jiao)(jiao)可按順(shun)時針(zhen)和(he)(he)逆時針(zhen)方向各回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)25°。結構(gou)簡(jian)單的(de)懸(xuan)掛式(shi)平(ping)(ping)地(di)機(ji)，一般只能調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)入土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)角(jiao)(jiao)和(he)(he)水平(ping)(ping)回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)角(jiao)(jiao)。其(qi)(qi)水平(ping)(ping)回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)角(jiao)(jiao)的(de)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)常(chang)采用定位(wei)(wei)銷在(zai)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)位(wei)(wei)置定位(wei)(wei)的(de)方法，使平(ping)(ping)地(di)鏟(chan)(chan)(chan)以(yi)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)與機(ji)架連接，因而只能在(zai)作(zuo)業(ye)停止的(de)狀態下(xia)由人工(gong)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)。平(ping)(ping)地(di)鏟(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)升降和(he)(he)切土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)深(shen)度(du)通(tong)過渦輪渦桿機(ji)構(gou)或(huo)液(ye)壓機(ji)構(gou)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)。同(tong)20~40千瓦(wa)拖(tuo)拉機(ji)配套(tao)(tao)的(de)懸(xuan)掛式(shi)平(ping)(ping)地(di)機(ji)的(de)最(zui)上(shang)限切土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)深(shen)度(du)為(wei)5~8厘米;同(tong)37~55千瓦(wa)拖(tuo)拉機(ji)配套(tao)(tao)的(de)牽引式(shi)平(ping)(ping)地(di)機(ji)的(de)最(zui)上(shang)限切土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)深(shen)度(du)為(wei)15~20厘米。

牽引(yin)式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)機的(de)(de)(de)松(song)(song)土(tu)部(bu)件(jian)常(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)是鏟(chan)式(shi)，以(yi)約(yue)50厘米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)橫向間距(ju)成排地(di)(di)安裝(zhuang)在平(ping)(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)鏟(chan)的(de)(de)(de)前方，其(qi)松(song)(song)土(tu)深(shen)度較平(ping)(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)鏟(chan)的(de)(de)(de)切土(tu)深(shen)度約(yue)深(shen) 5厘米(mi)。在平(ping)(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)鏟(chan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業前先(xian)松(song)(song)土(tu),可(ke)改善平(ping)(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)鏟(chan)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業條件(jian),有利于提(ti)高平(ping)(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)質量。懸掛式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)機一般采用鑿形松(song)(song)土(tu)部(bu)件(jian)，安裝(zhuang)在平(ping)(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)鏟(chan)的(de)(de)(de)鏟(chan)壁上。在平(ping)(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業時(shi)，松(song)(song)土(tu)部(bu)件(jian)在鏟(chan)壁上部(bu)，呈(cheng)(cheng)非作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業狀(zhuang)態(tai)。松(song)(song)土(tu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業時(shi)，將平(ping)(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)鏟(chan)回轉180°,使松(song)(song)土(tu)部(bu)件(jian)呈(cheng)(cheng)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業狀(zhuang)態(tai)。兩項(xiang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業不(bu)能同時(shi)進(jin)行。

在平(ping)地機上配備激(ji)光(guang)裝置(zhi)，在作業中(zhong)與安裝在地邊適當位置(zhi)的激(ji)光(guang)發射器保持聯系，即可(ke)根據(ju)接受激(ji)光(guang)光(guang)束位置(zhi)的高(gao)低，自(zi)動調整平(ping)地鏟(chan)的高(gao)低位置(zhi)，即切土深(shen)度，從而大大提高(gao)平(ping)地質(zhi)量。