平地(di)(di)鏟(chan)由平直(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)鏟(chan)刀和圓弧形的(de)(de)鏟(chan)壁構(gou)成。為適應不(bu)(bu)同(tong)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型和不(bu)(bu)同(tong)地(di)(di)形條件的(de)(de)要求,切(qie)土(tu)(tu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(鏟(chan)刀面(mian)與地(di)(di)平面(mian)的(de)(de)夾角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao))、水(shui)平回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、垂直(zhi)(zhi)回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)均可通(tong)過(guo)液(ye)(ye)壓裝置調(diao)節(jie)(jie)。其調(diao)節(jie)(jie)范圍(wei):切(qie)土(tu)(tu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為30°~65°;水(shui)平回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)可按(an)順時針(zhen),逆(ni)時針(zhen)方(fang)向各回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)40°~60°;重直(zhi)(zhi)回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)可按(an)順時針(zhen)和逆(ni)時針(zhen)方(fang)向各回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)25°。結構(gou)簡單的(de)(de)懸(xuan)掛(gua)式(shi)平地(di)(di)機(ji),一般只能(neng)(neng)調(diao)節(jie)(jie)入土(tu)(tu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)和水(shui)平回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。其水(shui)平回(hui)(hui)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)調(diao)節(jie)(jie)常采(cai)用(yong)定(ding)位銷(xiao)在不(bu)(bu)同(tong)位置定(ding)位的(de)(de)方(fang)法,使平地(di)(di)鏟(chan)以不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度與機(ji)架(jia)連接(jie),因而(er)只能(neng)(neng)在作業(ye)停止的(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態下由人工調(diao)節(jie)(jie)。平地(di)(di)鏟(chan)的(de)(de)升降和切(qie)土(tu)(tu)深(shen)度通(tong)過(guo)渦輪渦桿機(ji)構(gou)或液(ye)(ye)壓機(ji)構(gou)調(diao)節(jie)(jie)。同(tong)20~40千(qian)(qian)瓦拖(tuo)拉機(ji)配套的(de)(de)懸(xuan)掛(gua)式(shi)平地(di)(di)機(ji)的(de)(de)最(zui)上限(xian)切(qie)土(tu)(tu)深(shen)度為5~8厘(li)米;同(tong)37~55千(qian)(qian)瓦拖(tuo)拉機(ji)配套的(de)(de)牽引式(shi)平地(di)(di)機(ji)的(de)(de)最(zui)上限(xian)切(qie)土(tu)(tu)深(shen)度為15~20厘(li)米。
牽引式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)機的(de)(de)(de)松(song)土(tu)(tu)部件(jian)(jian)常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)是鏟(chan)(chan)式(shi),以約50厘(li)米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)橫向(xiang)間距成排(pai)地(di)(di)安裝在(zai)(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)鏟(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)前方,其松(song)土(tu)(tu)深(shen)度較平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)鏟(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)切土(tu)(tu)深(shen)度約深(shen) 5厘(li)米(mi)。在(zai)(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)鏟(chan)(chan)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)前先松(song)土(tu)(tu),可改善平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)鏟(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)條件(jian)(jian),有利于(yu)提高(gao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)質量。懸掛式(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)機一(yi)般采用(yong)鑿形松(song)土(tu)(tu)部件(jian)(jian),安裝在(zai)(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)鏟(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)鏟(chan)(chan)壁(bi)(bi)上(shang)。在(zai)(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)時(shi),松(song)土(tu)(tu)部件(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)鏟(chan)(chan)壁(bi)(bi)上(shang)部,呈非作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)狀(zhuang)態。松(song)土(tu)(tu)作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)時(shi),將(jiang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)地(di)(di)鏟(chan)(chan)回轉180°,使(shi)松(song)土(tu)(tu)部件(jian)(jian)呈作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)狀(zhuang)態。兩項作(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)(ye)(ye)不能同時(shi)進(jin)行。
在(zai)平地(di)機上配備激光(guang)裝置(zhi),在(zai)作業(ye)中與安裝在(zai)地(di)邊(bian)適當位(wei)置(zhi)的激光(guang)發射器(qi)保持聯系,即(ji)可根據(ju)接受激光(guang)光(guang)束(shu)位(wei)置(zhi)的高低,自(zi)動調(diao)整平地(di)鏟的高低位(wei)置(zhi),即(ji)切土深度,從而大大提高平地(di)質(zhi)量。